2-formyl-3 5-disubstituted terephthalate esters

ABSTRACT

THIS DISCLOSURE DESCRIBES 2-FORMYL-3,5-DISUBSITUTED TEREPHTHALATE ESTERS USEFUL AS INTERMEDIATES FOR THE PREPATION OF 6 - METHYL-1,3,10,11,12-PENTAHYDROXYNAPHTHACENE-2-CARBOXAMIDE.

United States Patent O ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This disclosure describes 2-formyl-3,5-disubstituted terephthalate esters useful as intermediates for the preparation of 6 methy1-1,3,10,11,12-pentahydroxynaphthacene-Z-carboxamide.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to new organic compounds and, more particularly, is concerned with novel 2-formyl-3,5- disubstituted terephthalate esters which may be represented by the following general formula:

CHO

wherein R is lower alkyl and R is hydrogen or lower alkyl. Suitable lower alkyl groups contemplated by the present invention are those having up to four carbon atoms such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, secbutyl, etc. Typical compounds of the present invention rep- 3,636,081 Patented Jan. 18, 1972 resented by the above general formula are, for example, diethyl 2 formyl 3,S-dihydroxyterephthalate, diisopropyl 2 formyl 3,S-dihydroxyterephthalate, diethyl 2-formyl- 3,5 dimethoxyterephthalate, dimethyl 2-formyl-3,5-diethoxyterephthalate, diisobutyl 2 formyl 3,5 di-npropoxyterephthalate, and the like.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The novel compounds of the present invention are generally obtainable as white crystalline materials having characteristic melting points and absorption spectra and appreciable solubility in organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, ethanol and chloroform. However, they are generally insoluble in water and petroleum ether.

The novel dialkyl 2-formyl-3,5-dihydroxyterephthalates of the present invention may be readily prepared by a modified Gatterman formylation of the corresponding dialkyl 2,6-dihydroxyterephthalates. This formylatiou is carried out in diethyl ether as solvent, under anhydrous conditions, and in the presence of hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride and aluminum chloride at the reflux temperature for a period of time of 24 hours, The novel dialkyl 2-formyl-3,5-dialkoxyterephthalates of the present invention may be readily prepared by the alkylation of the corresponding dialkyl 2 formyl-3,5-dihydroxyterephthalates using a dialkyl sulfate such as diethyl sulfate, diisopropyl sulfate, di(n-butyl) sulfate, etc. This alkylation is carried out in a suitable solvent such as toluene and in the presence of a stoichiometric excess of a base (such as potassium carbonate) at the reflux temperature for a period of time of 3-5 hours.

The novel compounds of the present invention are useful as intermediates in the synthesis of 6-methyl-l,3,l0, 1l,12-pentahydroxynaphthacene-2-carboxamide as illustrated in the following reaction scheme:

i CH CH 0RII R0 0 OR" 0 CO2R OHC CO2R C I V I OR don, OH on" 0011 OH 1 (III) 0 0 U CH C CH l 0R1! l OR CO2H CO2R Or C I OR" I OCH OCHg OCH3 OCHa l I if CH 3 CH C l r/ 0 l f o\ COX CONH2 or I or OR" y I! 0011 OCHa OCH OCH (VI) i,

A H K/ CONHz wherein R and R" are each lower alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and X is chloro or bromo. In accordance with the above reaction scheme, condensation of a dialkyl 2-formyl-3,S-dialkoxyterephthalate (II) with the naphthol derivative (I) is carried out under the general conditions of the Friedel-Crafts reaction employing, for example, boric anhydride, sulfuric acid, an hydrous aluminum chloride or anhydrous ferric chloride as catalyst. The condensation may be carried out in a high boiling inert solvent, or in a melt such as boric anhydride or the eutectic of sodium chloride and aluminum chloride at temperatures in excess of 100 C. Preferably, the condensation is carried out in an acetic acid- H 80 mixture whereby the hydroxyphthalide (III) is obtained in excellent yield. The hydroxyphthalides (III) have the usual tendency of naphthols to undergo spontaneous degeneration to intensely colored amorphous mixtures and hence they are not isolated as such but are immediately methylated to yield the dimethoxyphthalides (IV) by means of dimethyl sulfate. Hydrolysis of the phthalide esters (IV) to the corresponding phthalide acids (V) is readily accomplished in dilute methanolic sodium hydroxide at 50-75" C. for about 2-4 hours. Conversion of the phthalide acids (V) to the corresponding phthalide acid halides (V1) is achieved by means of oxalyl chloride or oxalyl bromide in chloroform at the reflux tem perature for a period of time of 1-3 hours. Ammonolysis of the phthalide acid halides (VI) (not isolated) with ammonia in diethyl ether at 0-10 C. for a few hours yields the phthalide amides (VII).

Oxidation of the phthalide amides (VII) to the corresponding naphthoylterephthalamic acids (VIII) is accomplished by means of autoxidation with oxygen in the presence of tetramethylurea and potassium tertiary butoxide in refluxing tertiary butyl alcohol as solvent for 3-5 hours. Cyclization of the naphthoylterephthalamic acids (VIII), with simultaneous dealkylation of the four ether groups, is carried out under the general conditions of the Friedel- Crafts reaction employing, for example, boric anhydride, sulfuric acid, anhydrous aluminum chloride or anhydrous ferric chloride as catalyst. The cyclization may be carried out in a high boiling inert solvent, or in a melt such as boric anhydride or the eutectic of sodium chloride and aluminum chloride at temperatures in excess of 100 C. Preferably, the cyclization is carried out by fusion with NaCl-AlCl at 200 C. whereby the 6-methyl-1,3,10,11- tetrahydroxynaphthacene 2 carboxamide-5,12-quinone (IX) is obtained. Reduction of the naphthaceue5,l2-quinone (IX) to the S-deoxygenated derivative (X) may be readily accomplished by any of several Well-known procedures described in the chemical literature for the reduction of l-hydroxyanthraquinones to the corresponding CONH 9-anthrones. For example, this reduction may be accomplished with boiling hydriodic acid, with tin and hydrochloric acid, or by catalytic hydrogenation with a nickel or noble metal catalyst. Preferably, the reduction is carried out in refluxing HI-phenol whereby the 6-methyl- 1,3,10,11,12 pentahydroxynaphthacene 2 carboxamide (X) is obtained in good yield. The 6-methyl-1,3,10,11,12- pentahydroxynaphthacene-Z-carboxamide (X) may be readily transformed to physiologically active antibiotics of the tetracycline series as is set forth in greater detail in US. Pat. No. 3,226,305 to McCormick et al.

The invention will be more particularly illustrated by means of the following specific examples,

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of 2-formyl-3,S-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, dimethyl ester A 500 ml. round-bottom flask is set up in the hood with a reflux condenser, magnetic stirrer and an ice bath. A CaCl drying tube is attached to the top of the condenser. In order, 5 g. (0.022 mole) of 2,6-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, dimethyl ester {Monatshefte 50, 219 (1928)], 45 ml. of diethyl ether, a cold solution of 23.8 g. (0.179 mole) of AlCl in ml. of diethyl ether, and 7.14 ml. (0.185 mole) of cold liquid HCN are added to the flask. The ice bath is removed and the reaction mixture is refluxed for about an hour. Then, 14.3 g. (0.392 mole) of anhydrous HCl is dissolved in 85 ml. of cold diethyl ether and is added slowly (15 minutes) to the reaction mixture through the condenser, and refluxing is continued for 3 more hours. After cooling in an ice bath, the reaction is quenched by the careful addition of 360 ml. of 1 N HCl. The solution is then heated on the steam bath in the hood until the ether and excess HCN have evaporated and the temperature reaches 70-75 C. After cooling again, the product is extracted with 800 ml. of diethyl ether. The ether extract is washed with 80 ml. of water and then extracted 3 times with 150 ml. of 5% NaI-ICO, solution. The NaHCO extract is acidified with 25 ml. of concentrated HCl. The tan crystalline product is removed by filtration, Washed with 0.1 N HCl, and dried. Yield is about 3 g. (50-55 with melting point about C. Recrystallization from hot methanol provides product with melting point at 126-127 C.

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of 2-formyl-3,S-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, diethyl ester By replacing the 2,6-dihydroxyterephtha1ic acid, dimethyl ester employed in Example 1 with an equimolar quantity of 2,6-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, diethyl ester and following substantially the same procedure described in Example 1, there is obtained the 2-formyl-3,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, diethyl ester.

EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of 2-formyl-3,S-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, di-n-propyl ester The procedure of Example 1 is repeated, substituting an equimolar amount of 2,6-dihydroxyterephthalic, di-npropyl ester for the 2,6-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, dimethyl ester employed in that example. There is thus obtained the 2-formyl-3,S-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, di-npropyl ester.

EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of 2-formyl-3,S-dimethoxyterephthalic acid, dimethyl ester In a one liter, S-necked, round-bottom flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer, dropping funnel and condenser are placed 650 ml. of toluene and 38 g. (0.275 mole) of special milled and dried K CO About 75 ml. of toluene is distilled otf to remove any water from the reagents. In the dropping funnel is placed a solution of 5.25 ml. (0.055 mole) of dimethyl sulfate in 25 ml. of freshly distilled toluene, and 7 g. (0.0275 mole) of 2-formyl-3,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, dimethyl ester and 2 ml. of the dimethyl sulfate solution are added to the stirring mixture. Refiuxing is started, the rest of the dimethyl sulfate solution is added dropwise over the next two hours, and refluxing is continued for two more hours. The slurry is cooled and filtered, the filter cake is washed with fresh toluene, and the combined filtrate and washing is evaporated to an oil, 6.2 g. The oil is taken up in 5 ml. of methanol, seeded and aged in the freezer. The yellow crystalline product is removed by filtration, washed with cold methanol and dried giving 4.038 g. (52% yield) of product, M.P. 90-93 C. Recrystallization from hot methanol raises the melting point to 9395 C.

EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of 2-formyl-3,S-dimethoxyterephthalic acid, diethyl ester In place of the 2-formyl-3,S-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, dimethyl ester of Example 4, there is employed an equimolar quantity of 2-formyl-3,S-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, diethyl ester whereby the 2-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyterephthalic acid, diethyl ester is obtained in equally good yield.

EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of 2-formyl-3,S-diethoxyterephthalic acid, dimethyl ester By replacing the dimethyl sulfate employed in Example 4 with an equimolar quantity of diethyl sulfate and following substantially the same procedure described in Example 4, there is obtained the 2-formyl-3,S-diethoxyterephthalic acid, dimethyl ester.

EXAMPLE 7 Preparation of 2-formyl-3,5-diisopropoxyterephthalic acid, di-n-butyl ester In the manner described in Example 4, treatment of 2- formyl-3,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid, di-n-butyl ester with diisopropyl sulfate produces the 2-formyl-3,5-diisopropoxyterephthalic acid, di-n-butyl ester.

EXAMPLE 8 Preparation of 2 [(1 hydroxy-8-methoxy-4-methyl-2- naphthyl)hydroxymethyl] 3,5 dimethoxyterephthalic acid, methyl ester, 'y-lactone 2.25 g. (12 m. moles) of 8-methoxy-4-methyl-l-naphthol and 3.37 g. (12 m. moles) of 2-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyterephthalic acid, dimethyl ester were dissolved in a solution of 240 ml. of acetic acid and 24 ml. of cone. H and let stand at room temperature in the dark for two and one-half hours. The red solution was poured into 1400 m1. of water and extracted four times with ml. of toluene. The toluene was washed with ml. of 5% NaHCO and twice with 50 ml. of water. The toluene phase was concentrated to A1 volume and used in the next step without further purification. A crude, crystalline sample of the 2-[( l-hydroxy-8-methoxy 4-methyl-2-naphthyl) hydroxymethyl]-3,S-dimethoxyterephthalic acid, methyl ester, 'y-lactone, was obtained by evaporation of an aliquot of the toluene solution, and the weight yield for the condensation was calculated to be 94% of theory. The product was light colored when isolated but was unstable and quickly took on a red color.

EXAMPLE 9 Preparation of 2-[ 1,S-dimethoxy-4-methyl-2-naphthyl) hydroxymethyl] -3,S-dimethoxyterephthalic acid, methyl ester, 'y-lactone 13.6 g. (100 m. moles) of K CO and 550 ml. of toluene were placed in a 1 liter, 3-necked, round-bottom flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer. About 100 ml. of toluene was distilled off to remove water from the reagents. 4.68 ml. (50 m. moles) of (CH SO was diluted with 25 ml. of dry toluene in a dropping funnel. 4.3 g. (10 In. moles) of 2 l-hydroxy-8-methoxy-4-methyl-2-naphthyl)hydroxymethyl]-3,5-dimethoxyterephthalic acid, methyl ester, 7- lactone in 100 ml. of toluene (partially crystallized) and 5 ml. of the (CH SO solution were added to the stirring mixture. Refiuxing was started and the rest of the (CI-19 50 was added dropwise over the next four hours. The methylation was followed by UV (1 N KOH/methanol) and progressed very slowly. A water separator was added to the system. Intermittently over a two week period eight 13.6 g. portions of K CO and nine 4.68 ml. portions of (CH SO were added. UV curves finally indicated complete loss of starting material. The reaction mixture as filtered and the toluene was washed with dilute NH OH and Water and evaporated to a yellow-green, crystalline residue. This was dissolved in 30 ml. of warm CH CI and diluted with 75 ml. of methanol. The light yellow, crystalline product, 2-[(1,8-dimethoxy-4-methyl- 2 naphthyl)hydroxymethyl] 3,S-dimethoxyterephthalic acid, methyl ester, 'y-lactone, was separated giving 646 mg. (14% yield), M.P. 260-265 C. An additional 269 mg. (6%) of 2-[(1,8-dimethoxy-4-methyl-2-naphthyl) hydroxymethyl]-3,S-dimethoxyterephthalic acid, methyl ester, 'y-laCtOne was obtained from the mother liquor, which was then dried to a residue, 287 g. This residue appeared to be a 2-3 component mixture, containing no phthalide, and no further product could be isolated from it. Repeated recrystallization of 2 [(1,8 dimethoxy-4- methyl 2 naphthyl)hydroxymethyl]-3,5-dimethoxyterephthalic acid, methyl ester, 'y-lactone from CH Cl :metha- 1101 (2:5) gave a white product of M.P. 269271 C.

EXAMPLE 10 Preparation of 2-[(l,8-dimethoxy-4-methyl-2-naphthyl) hydroxymethyl] 3,5 dimethoxyterephthalic acid, '7- lactone 823 mg. of 2-[(1,8-dimethoxy-4-methy1-2-naphthyl) hydroxymethyl]-3,S-dimethoxyterephthalic acid, methyl ester, -lactone was boiled with 20 ml. of 2 N NaOH-l-70 ml. of methanol. Some insoluble matter was separated. The solution was boiled until the methanol was removed. The alkaline mixture was acidified with 7 ml. of 6 N HCl, extracted with CHCl and the CHCl was dried to a tan, crystalline residue, 759 mg. (95% yield) of 2-[(1,8-dimethoxy 4 methyI-Z-naphthyl)hydroxymethyl]-3,5-dimethoxyterephthalic acid, y-lactone, M.P. 259 -260 C. d. Recrystallization from acetic acid gave white crystals, M.P. 272-27-4 C. d.

7 EXAMPLE 11 Preparation of 4 (chloroformyl)-2-[(1,8-din1ethoxy-4- methyl 2 naphthyl)hydroxymethyl] -3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid, 'y-lactone 709 mg. (1.6 m. mole) of 2-[(1,8-dimethoXy-4-methyl- 2 naphthyDhydroxymethyl] 3,5-dimethoxyterephthalic acid, 'y-lactone Was mixed with ml. of CHCl and one drop of dimethylformamide and 2 ml. (23.4 m. moles) of oxalyl chloride. The bubbling subsided and everything dissolved in about ten minutes. The solution was evaporated rapidly to dryness in vacuo. The 4-(chloroformyl)- 2 [(l,8 dimethoxy 4 methyl-Z-naphthyl)hydroxymethyl] -3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid, -lactone Was used directly in the next step without characterization.

EXAMPLE 12 Preparation of 2-[(1,8-dimethoxy-4-methyl-2-naphthyl) hydroxymethyl] 3,5 dimethoxyterephthalamic acid, 'y-lactone The 4 (chloroformyl)-2-[(1,8-dimethoxy-4-methyl-2- naphthyl)hydroxyrnethyl]-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid, lactone, which was prepared from 709 mg. of the 2-[(1,8- dimethoxy 4-methyl-2-naphthyl)hydroxymethyl]-3,5-dimethoxyterephthalic acid, 'y-lactone, was dissolved in 4 ml. of CH CI 8 ml. of NH OH was mixed with 38 ml. of ether in an ice bath, and 30 ml. of the cold ether layer was added to the CH Cl solution of 4-(chloroformyl)-2- 1,8 dimethoxy 4-methyl-2-naphthyl)hydroxymethylJ- 3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid, 'y-lactone. A tan, crystalline precipitate formed at once. After minutes at room temperature, the solvents were evaporated. The product was washed with 25 ml. of 2.5% NaHCO filtered, washed with water, and dried giving 702 mg. (99% yield) of 2 [(1,8 dimethoxy 4-methyl-2-naphthyl)hydroxymethyl] 3,5 dimethoxyterephthalamic acid, 'y-lactone, M.P. 273278 C. This crude product was Washed with ethyl acetate to give a yellow product, M.P. 279-286 C., which was used in the next step. Recrystallization of a portion from acetic acid gave a white product, M.P. 285 300 C. dec.

EXAMPLE 13 Preparation of 2-(1-hydroxy-8-methoxy-4-methyl-2-naphthoyl)-3,5-dimethoxyterephthalamic acid 200 mg. (0.46 m. mole) of 2-[ (1,8-dimethoxy-4-methyl- 2-naphthyl)hydroxymethyl]-3,5-dimethoxyterephthalamic acid, -lactone was mixed with 40 m1. of t-butanol and heated at reflux under a stream of oxygen. A hot solution of 2 g. (18 m. moles) of potassium t-butoxide in 60 ml. of t-butanol was added. Everything dissolved. The solution was refluxed for one and one-half hours, diluted with 100 m1. of tetramethylurea, and refluxed for five more hours. The reaction was quenched with 700 ml. of 0.1 N HCl, extracted with CHCI and the CHCl was extracted with 40 ml. of 2.5% NaHCO and three times with 25 ml. of water. The aqueous extract was acidified with HCl, filtered, and dried giving 100 mg. (50% yield) of yellow, crystalline product, M.P. 263 -265 C.

EXAMPLE 14 Preparation of 5 ,12-dihydro-1,3,10,1 l-tetrahydroxy-- methyl-5,12-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide 5 m1. of an AlBr -CS solution was evaporated to dryness, giving 2.5 g. of AlBr 50 mg. of impure 2-(1- hydroxy 8 methoxy 4 methyl 2 naphthoy1)-3,5-dimethoxyterephthalamic acid was added to the AlBr and heated at 150 C. for 30 minutes. The reaction was quenched cautiously with 30 ml. of 6 N HCl, heated on the steam bath for 15 minutes, centrifuged, and decanted. After washing with 0.1 N 1101, the solid product was dissolved in 6 ml. of Water containing 0.5 ml. triethylarnine and extracted with methylisobutyl ketone. The methy1iso 8 butyl ketone was washed with tricthylamine-H O and extracted with 0.1 N NaOH. The alkaline extract was acidified with HCl in the presence of 20 ml. of CHCI UV assay of the red CHCl solution showed 308 'y(0.6% yield) of 5,12-dihydro-1,3-10,1l-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl- 5,12-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide. This CHCl solution, in combination with others, was washed with 1% NaHCO and extracted with 0.01 N NaOH. The alkaline solution was slowly acidified in the presence of acetic acid vapors, producing dark red, crystalline 5,l2-dil1ydro-l,3, 10,11 tetrahydroxy 6-methyl-5,12-diox0-2-naphthacenecarboxamide. Additional 5,12 dihydro 1,3,10,11-tetrahydroxy 6 methyl-5,1Z-dioxo-Z-naphthacenecarboxamide was prepared in 2% yield by applying the same AlBr procedure to a solid material obtained by acidification of the spen triethylamine-H O solution. Another 2% yield was obtained by repeating the recycling a second time.

EXAMPLE 15 Preparation of 1,3,10,11,12-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-2- naphthacenecarboxamide 8 mg. of 5,12-dihydro-1,3,10,1l-tetrahydroxy-G-methyl- 5,l2-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide was mixed with 0.8 ml. of p-chlorophenol, 0.8 ml. of HI, and a drop of H PO and heated at C. for one and one-half hours. Crystallization occurred upon cooling. The whole reaction mixture was diluted with water, and the solid was separated, washed, and dried giving 4 mg. of tan, crystalline 1,3,10,11,12 pentahydroxy-6-methyl-2-naphthacenecarboxamide.

What is claimed is:

1. A compound selected from the group consisting of those of the formula:

(IIOzR CHO wherein R is lower alkyl and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl.

2. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R is methyl and R is hydrogen.

3. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R is ethyl and R is hydrogen.

4. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R is isopropyl and R is hydrogen.

5. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R is methyl and R is methyl.

6. A compound according to claim 11 wherein R is ethyl and R is ethyl.

7. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R is isopropyl and R is isopropyl.

8. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R is methyl and R is ethyl.

9. A compound according to claim 1 wherein R is ethyl and R is methyl.

References Cited Birkinshaw et al. CA. 47, 994211 (1953) Fieser & Fieser, Organic Chemistry, Rheinhold Publishing Co., N.Y. 1956, page 629.

LORRAINE A. WEINBERGER, Primary Examiner I. F. TERAPANE, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 

